飞机反区时的操纵策略特性及物理机理研究

针对飞机在低动压飞行(如着舰)时处于阻力曲线反区所采用的Frontside操纵和Backside操纵方式,分别从指令控制、风扰抑制、执行机构影响三种情况对两种操纵策略的性能进行了仿真比较,得出相关结论,并分析了其内在物理原因。研究结果表明,Backside操纵性能优于Frontside操纵,具有响应快、超调小、无初始负调、抗风鲁棒性强,以及俯仰角、迎角和升降舵变化小等特点,但同时速度和推力变化大,且执行机构相位滞后对Backside操纵性能影响较大。     

颗粒冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀特性实验研究

为了研究颗粒冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料的烧蚀规律和特性,采用一种颗粒冲刷状态可调的实验发动机,以添加有短切碳纤维和高硅氧玻璃纤维的硅橡胶为研究对象,开展了颗粒聚集浓度范围为34.5~75.3kg/m3,冲刷速度为9.4~35.9m/s,角度为19.3°~55.5°条件下的13次热试车实验,获得了颗粒冲刷状态参数和炭化烧蚀率之间的宏观影响规律,通过对试验后试件的宏观形貌和微观结构特征进行分析,初步探讨了硅橡胶绝热材料的烧蚀机理。研究结果表明:(1)和EPDM绝热材料的烧蚀规律和特性不同,实验条件下硅橡胶炭化层更厚且致密,硅橡胶材料的最大烧蚀率随颗粒聚集浓度变化较为敏感,当超过50kg/m3临界浓度值时,烧蚀率随浓度的增加而急剧增大。最大烧蚀率随颗粒冲刷速度增加而增大,并呈现出先急剧增加后缓慢增加的趋势;(2)在颗粒冲刷速度较低条件下,硅橡胶材料烧蚀率要高于EPDM的,在颗粒冲刷速度较高条件下,硅橡胶耐冲刷性能要略优于EPDM的;(3)硅橡胶的热分解温度区间约为623~989K,在烧蚀过程中,高硅氧纤维和硅橡胶分解产生的Si O2会渗透到炭化层骨架中,进一步和C反应形成Si C,从而使炭化层致密化,具备耐冲刷特性;(4)通过分析烧蚀形貌和微观特征,初步提出了三层一面(基体层,热解层,炭化层,冲刷面)的烧蚀物理模型。     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中显微组织演化

通过剪切旋压试验,研究了旋压温度(910℃和1000℃)和减薄率(0、10%和30%)对Ti-22Al-25Nb合金显微组织的影响,探讨了旋压过程中的显微组织演化规律。结果表明:Ti-22Al-25Nb(原子数分数)合金旋压组织主要由α2相、B2相和O相组成,在旋压过程中,B2晶粒沿旋轮进给方向被拉长,且伴随有动态再结晶现象发生;温度主要影响Ti-22Al-25Nb合金中α2相与O相的尺寸和形貌,随着旋压温度的升高,O相片层逐渐变短并粗化,α2相趋向等轴化;变形量主要影响α2相体积分数与O相形貌,随着减薄率的增大,α2相体积分数逐渐减少,O相从片层状转变为短棒状。因此,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中不仅发生晶粒变形与动态再结晶现象,更涉及复杂的相变行为,组织控制困难。     

基于Broyden算法的航空发动机气路故障诊断

针对基于Kalman的故障诊断算法响应速度慢、多故障诊断及非设计点诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于改进Broyden算法求解方程组的航空发动机气路故障诊断方法。针对涡轴发动机,以模型输出跟踪发动机输出为准则确定3个方程,结合发动机模型中的2个平衡方程,构建气路故障诊断方程组,通过改进Broyden算法求解方程组以获得部件性能退化因子及模型猜值。数字仿真结果表明,所提出的基于Broyden算法求解方程组的航空发动机气路故障诊断方法,在包线内的单故障和多故障诊断稳态误差均小于0.35%,且诊断过程算法单步运行最大耗时小于2ms,具有良好的实时性,远优于Kalman滤波方法,验证了算法的先进性。     

基于MSP430点光源跟踪系统设计

提出了一种基于MSP430的点光源跟踪的具体设计方案,并对设计方案的硬件组成、程序设计、调试进行了介绍,实验证明,所设计的光源自跟踪系统有较强的适应能力,反应迅速,灵活性大。     

On-orbit determination and adjustment of electrostatic accelerometer lever arm

In order to ensure the proof mass center of electrostatic accelerometer (EA) is fixed at the center of gravity of satellite as precisely as possible, an on-orbit determination and adjustment strategy of EA lever arm is presented in this paper. The EA lever arm is determined using the observations of EA, gyro and magnetometer first. Then it is adjusted by screw slider mechanism. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be carried out several times to yield better accuracy. Meanwhile, the optimal geographic location for EA lever arm determination along each axis is found.     

AIRCRAFT CONCEPT EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS-BASED DECISION-MAKING

Based on effectiveness analysis, a novel method is presented for combat aircraft top-hierarchy concept evaluation and decision-making. Applying multi-criterion decision-making （MCDM） and analytic hierarchy process, the new method can help to overcome the limitations of existing evaluation systems and decision-make methods. The proposed method includes the following process~ （1） Establish a multi-criterion and multi-hierarchy evaluation attribute system by introducing combat effectiveness~ （2） Assign weight to the attributes and normalize them; （3） Evaluate and decision-make top-hierarchy aircraft concept based on effectiveness to reach a satisfactory design by comprehensively applying four multi-criterion decision-making methodologies, i.e. grey correlation pro- jection method, weighted summation method, weighted quadrature method and ideal solution decision-making method, while considering the attribute hierarchy system and the logical relations among the attributes. Finally, an example is given to indicate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.     

从EFA到“台风”看鸭式布局飞机设计的可持续发展

在关键技术上追求可持续发展,就要掌握好20世纪90年代国际先进技术战斗机一些有用的技术,相信凭借这些技术的支撑,鸭式布局设计必将为飞机设计的后续研究,为新世纪有人机或无人机的研发带来再创辉煌的光明前景。     

DELMIA在某民机前货舱门装配仿真中的应用

在现代自动化作业系统中,操作和管理的大多是一些复杂系统和各种数字化设备,这对操作人员观察周围环境和完成精准操作任务的要求很高。通过人机工程技术分析,可以对这些复杂、易错的任务逐个分析,合理分配注意力、安排操作顺序,既减轻操作人员的工作负荷又避免出错,切实提高人机工效。     

A nonlinear background removal method for seismo-ionospheric anomaly analysis under a complex solar activity scenario: A case study of the M9.0 Tohoku earthquake

A precise determination of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomaly variations that are likely associated with large earthquakes as observed by global positioning system (GPS) requires the elimination of the ionospheric effect from irregular solar electromagnetic radiation. In particular, revealing the seismo-ionospheric anomalies when earthquakes occurred during periods of high solar activity is of utmost importance. To overcome this constraint, a multiresolution time series processing technique based on wavelet transform applicable to global ionosphere map (GIM) TEC data was used to remove the nonlinear effect from solar radiation for the earthquake that struck Tohoku, Japan, on 11 March, 2011. As a result, it was found that the extracted TEC have a good correlation with the measured solar extreme ultraviolet flux in 26–34 nm (EUV_26–34) and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F_10.7). After removing the influence of solar radiation origin in GIM TEC, the analysis results show that the TEC around the forthcoming epicenter and its conjugate were significantly enhanced in the afternoon period of 8 March 2011, 3 days before the earthquake. The spatial distributions of the TEC anomalous and extreme enhancements indicate that the earthquake preparation process had brought with a TEC anomaly area of size approximately 1650 and 5700 km in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions, respectively.